历年GRE考试真题精选系列七十二

会计考友

　Chimps and children, gulls and
5 l' \; E9 Q5 ~　　Greeks—the ethnologists to their
8 B* {& x7 T- E+ A: V: U5 X　　merry way, comparing bits of human
　　cultural behavior with bits of
4 T( {3 t" ?/ s5 m (5) genetically programmed animal
+ T+ J* w! y" F& f" F8 K' \% ^　　behavior. True, humans are animals;
3 `% _% I; k: A" Y' y% F2 Z. O+ S" F1 t　　they share certain anatomical features
+ f3 z, ]( m7 ^5 Y9 n0 l9 k! ~9 f　　with other animals, and some items
　　of human behavior may seem analogous
& R! I# A7 ^7 p3 o(10) to the behavior of other animal But
7 n* X5 ]* P9 Y$ A$ O2 w) A　　such analogies can seriously mislead
　　if we fail to look at the context of a
# r; q% g8 m: E" S2 E9 j　　particular item of behavior. Thus one
　　ethnologist compares the presentation
3 Q6 R* S, }+ a0 t# A, U0 l(15) of a twig by a cormorant with
& `/ N' w6 O6 U; _: w　　gift-giving in humans. Yet the
　　cormorant’s twig-presentation simply
　　inhibits attack and is comparable to
2 h& e% E  _" \7 r　　other appeasement rituals found in
/ ]8 @9 L9 C* U$ Z1 w(20) many species. Human gift-giving
　　differs in form and purpose not only
　　from culture to culture. but within
　　the same culture in various social
　　contexts Everything significant about
(25) it derives from its social context.
　　Thus, ethnologists can accomplish
) f: _* D. T# b2 {　　little—beyond reminding us that we
　　are animals—until they study humans
+ O/ X- B3 ]+ H$ D" D5 l% y　　as cultural beings.
  
The author is primarily concerned
7 L' J, Z% N! p& n0 p; C2 }with
demonstrating the usefulness of
7 Y4 u' S  e) c& E! g+ _( methnology in discovering the
behavioral limits within which
: |" t0 S# |* Q" u' ^! N9 ~humans operate
objecting to the degradation of
humanity implicit in the ethnologists’
& w0 H% h3 b9 {/ C) L4 }8 Oequation of humans and animals

会计考友

pointing out the dangers inherent
( ]3 h" A! G; t/ W* ?in comparing highly dissimilar species,
such as humans and cormorants, rather
than similar ones, such as humans and
apes
1 @* B+ h+ y; D: s" ~' T" a9 u refuting the idea that the appeasement
! J. m" w- s  F; Y3 R: U6 l+ ~rituals in human cultural behavior can
be profitably subjected to ethnological
analysis
arguing that the ethologists’ assumption
9 A; U8 z) {2 |! fthat human behavior can be straight-
& ^9 v9 Z4 D; b% L9 S7 P7 kforwardly compared with animal behavior
is invalid
  
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$ k/ L& y- K! m0 X9 A/ M' w4 D答案：(E)
9 r1 X3 k  ^* U+ y8 h  
The author believes that gift-giving
in humans
: S5 J5 _, }2 a0 \8 J0 u is instinctive behavior
. w5 \; I5 z- |* W) ~ is analogous to appeasement rituals
$ s. I0 M. k; e1 E" {5 k5 p6 U1 Bin other animals
2 `  V) F* J2 h8 y: r. `. k+ e is not an appropriate subject of study
for ethologists
must be considered within its social
context to be properly understood
may be a cultural remnant of behavior
& D( s9 ^! c0 t+ Xoriginally designed to inhibit attack
3 L" d4 B+ f: |' t  K  
- _' P: L- I; G8 P5 q, p————————————————————————
* e% y8 U) B# \3 B( V& v: E答案：(D)
) H7 K* D1 \, F3 w! r3 ^; W! C  
The author’s attitude toward contemporary
ethologists can best be described as
" |# u9 F7 |. ]  H6 g puzzled
conciliatory
# z( z9 a( j$ \, K, I  x defensive
amused
* B! m* z4 \% n% b7 G' ]) S6 y0 Y disparaging
% e. y$ \; E0 T" L  
+ [8 Q. T! G+ R5 O$ d. q2 m————————————————————————
答案：(E)