题目:Argument242 The following appeared as an editorial in the student newspaper of Groveton College.
) X4 R* h. g9 N% s. s
5 z$ u/ N- U% [3 X To combat the recently reported dramatic rise in cheating among college and university students, these institutions should adopt honor codes similar to Groveton‘s, which calls for students to agree not to cheat in their academic endeavors and to notify a faculty member if they suspect that others have cheated. Groveton‘s honor code replaced an old-fashioned system in which students were closely monitored by teachers and an average of thirty cases of cheating per year were reported. The honor code has proven far more successful: in the first year it was in place, students reported twenty-one cases of cheating; five years later, this figure had dropped to fourteen. Moreover, in a recent survey conducted by the Groveton honor council, a majority of students said that they would be less likely to cheat with an honor code in place than without./ y8 _! v1 b0 f" O: f
/ N1 d: d% D5 a1 E# J; y 翻译
; @; [ t3 Q& d7 f x$ N
5 f4 ]" s: E, j4 U. Z& ` 为解决最近上报的大学生作弊现象显著增加的问题,大学和学院应该采取和Groveton学院类似的诚信制度,该制度要求学生同意在学业中不作弊,并且当他们怀疑别人作弊的时候通知老师。Groveton的诚信知道代替了原有的学生被老师严密监视的老体制,在老体制中平均每年有30起作弊被上报。该制度被证明成功的多:在它实施的第一年,学生上报了21起作弊;五年后,这一数值下降到了14起。而且,在最近一次由Groveton诚信委员会组织的调查中,大部分学生说有了诚信制度他们更加不太可能作弊。) \. y% k, z+ Y7 K: [
: @# b N" `. ?$ T' [, D$ [8 w
频次
* H* W) Z2 ^: O, h " ]# \$ s* z2 f" ]
在上个作文季度中,该题出现17次
# e! s. {$ ?9 z2 ~% v4 ` E ( P5 ?6 T1 [2 H1 ^6 P7 U) [
逻辑思路
; X, l% V* V2 Y! c, j& [ / U/ k% M' W, r
结论: 大家应该采用G的诚信制度* s+ Z1 x0 S8 g2 A9 j: u
* m, |0 H# Y& C; n3 K* { 论据一:老制度的劣势
3 c. f% @; T. G% p
2 P& E4 g) R: g1 ^) f 论据二:新制度的优势
; o! T: R$ B d" A' s6 `; }$ X, s 8 m" S0 Z$ ]9 z+ ?/ u, o, Z
首先,调查样本是否有代表性——a majority of students指的G的大部分学生吗?他们能代表所有学校的学生吗?其次,调查者是Groveton honor council,它可能具有倾向性,即调查的设计有引导被调查者做出某种回答的嫌疑,学生未必会表达自己的真实想法。
8 T% b. Q. \5 ]1 O% F& e: r+ X
+ x( | U# S" r9 X% I+ b& Q! d 攻击点四:Sample Difference
1 p4 {* A7 D5 N* }/ }( U5 S: }
( D K! W4 S0 E 各个学校的情况不尽相同,即使honor code在G成功,在其它学校未必成功——可能G有严密的监控措施或G的学生相比而言更honesty。) l/ o( B# @; |$ G5 [; E
& v& b- U" H4 g3 [! d1 Q. m. g 参考文章 :提纲:1.差异概念的草率推广:没上报的作弊案例=没有作弊/ [6 ?' z3 U5 w( g
2 }4 x1 {3 W+ X4 [% | 2.没有与其他院校的横向比较
) ~# b9 `0 E" u3 R! w$ X
6 P- h' J! @8 z8 i8 ]: ~ 3.调查不科学.3 R5 _1 A3 e& P; M3 M0 M
4 X1 X: S9 e0 B5 y! Y1 i8 w
In this argument, the arguer concludes that institutions should adopt honor codes similar to Groveton’s. To support the conclusions, the arguer cites the statistics that the cases of cheating, which were reported, tailed away since the honor code was adopted. Moreover, the arguer manifests a survey, which proved that a majority of students thought they are less likely to cheat with an honor code in place than without. However, the editorial flaws in several aspects. |