2010年全国职称英语考试真题及答案卫生类（B级）

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-15 23:23:33

　　第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）
　　下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近选项。
　　1．I enjoyed the play-it had a clever plot and very funny dialogues.
　　A．boring
　　B．humorous
　　C．original
　　D．long
　　2．In the process, the light energy converts to heat energy.
　　A．reduces
　　B． drops
　　C． leaves
　　D．changes
　　3．Patricia stared at the other girls with resentment.
　　A．doubt
　　B．surprise
　　C．love
　　D．anger
　　4．The thief was finally captured two miles away from the village.
　　A．killed
　　B．caught
　　C．found
　　D．jailed
　　5．Such a database would be extremely costly to set up.
　　A. destroy
　　B．transfer
　　C．update
　　D．establish

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-15 23:23:34

6．If we leave now, we should miss the the traffic.
　　A．avoid
　　B．mix
　　C．stop
　　D．direct
　　7. He's spent years cultivating a knowledge of art.
　　A．using
　　B．denying
　　C． sharing
　　D．developing
　　8.The two banks have announced plans to merge next year.
　　A．close
　　B．sell
　　C．combine
　　D．break
　　9.Many cities have restricted smoking in public places.
　　A．allowed
　　B．kept
　　C．limited
　　D．stopped
　　10. 1 want to provide my boys with a decent education.
　　A．special
　　B．general
　　C．private
　　D．good

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-15 23:23:35

11． What are my chances of promotion if I stay here?
　　A． advertisement
　　B． replacement
　　C．advancement
　　D．retirement
　　12．We've seen a marked shift in our approach to the social issues.
　　A．regular
　　B．clear
　　C．quick
　　D．great
　　13. Her father was a quiet man with graceful manners.
　　A．similar
　　B．bad
　　C．polite
　　D．usual
　　14. There was a profound silence after his remark.
　　A．short
　　B．sudden
　　C． deep
　　D．proud
　　15． The document was compileded by the Department of Health.
　　A．printed
　　B． sent
　　C．written
　　D． attached

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-15 23:23:36

第2部分：阅读判断（第16~22题，每题1分，共7分）
　　下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
　　Breast Cancer Deaths Record Low
　　The number of women dying from breast cancer has fallen to a record low by dropping under 12,000 a year for the first time since records began.
　　The Cancer Research UK data showed that 11 ,990 women died in the UK in 2007.
　　The previous lowest figure had been recorded in 1971-the year records began-after which it rose steadily year by year until the late 1980s.
　　Professor Peter Johnson, Cancer Research UK's chief clinician, said, It's incredibly encoura- ging to see fewer women dying from breast cancer now than at any time in the last 40 years, despite breast cancer being diagnosed more often.
　　Research has played a crucial role in this progress leading to improved treatments and better management for women with the disease.
　　"The introduction of the NHS（国民保健制度）breast screening program has also contributed as women are more likely to survive the earlier cancer is diagnosed."
　　Breast cancer is now the most common cancer in the UK with 45,500 women every year diag nosed with the disease-a 50% rise in 25 years.
　　The number of deaths peaked in 1989, when 15,625 women died. It then fell by between 200 and 400 deaths each year until 2004.
　　There was a slight rise in 2005 and then two vears of falls.
　　Dr Sarah Cant, policy manager at Breakthrough Breast Cancer, said, "It is great news that fewer women are dying from breast cancer and highlights the impact of improved treatments, breast screening and awareness of the disease.
　　"However, this is still too many women and incidence（发生率）of the disease is increasing year by year."
　　The rising rate of breast cancer diagnosis has been put down to a variety of factors including obesity（肥胖）and alcohol consumption.
　　16. 11,990 women died from breast cancer in the UK in 2007.
　　A. Right
　　B.Wrong
　　C.Not mentioned
　　17. Breast cancer deaths began to be recorded in the UK in 1971.
　　A. Right
　　B.Wrong
　　C.Not mentioned
　　18. The rate of breast cancer diagnosis in the UK has been dropping.
　　A. Right
　　B.Wrong
　　C.Not mentioned
　　19. Breast cancer can come back 10 years after you were first diagnosed.
　　A. Right
　　B.Wrong
　　C.Not mentioned
　　20. Breast cancer is more common in the UK than in many other countries.
　　A. Right
　　B.Wrong
　　C.Not mentioned
　　21. Fewer women died from breast cancer in the UK in 2005 than in 2004.
　　A. Right
　　B.Wrong
　　C.Not mentioned
　　22. Obesity and alcohol consumption may also lead to some other diseases.
　　A. Right
　　B.Wrong
　　C.Not mentioned

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-15 23:23:37

笫3部分：概括大意与完成句子【第23 ~30题，每题1分，共8分）
　　下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23 -26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1-4段每段选择1个最佳标题；(2)第27 - 30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
　　Parkinson's Disease
　　1 Parkinson's disease affects the way you move. It happens when there is a problem with certain nerve cells in the brain. Normally, these nerve cells make an important chemical called dopamine. Dopamine sends signals to the part of your brain that controls movement. It lets your muscles move smoothly and do what you want them to do. When you have Parkinson's, these nerve cells break down. Then you no longer have enough dopamine, and you have trouble moving the way you want to.
　　2 No one knows for sure what makes these nerve cells break down. But scientists are doing a lot of research to look for the answer. They are studying many possible causes, including agin g and poisons in the environment. Abnormal genes seem to lead to Parkinson's disease in some people. But so far, there is not enough proof to show that it is always inherited.
　　3 'rremor may be the first symptom you notice. It is one of the most common signs of the disease, although not everyone has it. More importantly, not everyone with a tremor has Parkinson's disease. Tremor often starts in just one arm or leg or only on one side of the body. It may be worse when you are awake but not moving the affected arm or leg. It may get better when you move the limb or you are asleep. In time, Parkinson's affects muscles all through your body, so it can lead to problems like trouble swallowing or constipation. In the later stages of the disease, a person with Parkinson's may have a fixed or blank expression, trouble speaking, and other problems. Some people also have a decrease in mental skills ( dementia).
　　4 At this time, there is no cure for Parkinson's disease. But there are several types of medicines that can control the symptoms and make the disease easier to live with. You may not even need treatment if your symptoms are mild. Your doctor may wait to prescribe medicines until your symptoms start to get in the way of your daily life. Your doctor will adjust your medicines as your symptoms get worse. You may need to take several medicines to get the best results.
　　23. Paragraph I_____________ .
　　24. Paragraph 2 _____________.
　　25. Paragraph 3_____________ .
　　26. Paragraph 4 _____________.
　　A. Tips for Patients with the Disease
　　B. Common Treatment for the Disease
　　C. Means of Diagnosis of the Disease
　　D. Typical Symptoms of the Disease
　　E. Possible Causes of the Disease
　　F. Definition of Parkinson's Disease
　　27. You'II find it hard to move the way you want to_____________ .
　　28. A lot of research is being done to find ou_____________t .
　　29. One of the most common signs of Parkinson's is tremor_____________.
　　30. A person with Parkinson's has to learn to live with the disease,_____________.
　　A. if there isn't enough dopamine m your body
　　B. what affects muscles all through your body
　　C. which cannot be cured yet
　　D. if you have a fixed or blank expression
　　E. which may be the first symptom you notice
　　F. what causes Parkinson's disease

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-15 23:23:38

第 4部分:阅读理解 (第 31~45题,每题 3分 ,共 45分)
　　下面有3篇短文，每篇短文有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题定1个最佳选项。
　　第一篇
　　Human Heart Can Make New Cells
　　Solving a longstanding mystery, scientists have found that the human heart continues to generate new cardiac cells throughout the life span, although the rate of new cell production slows with age.
　　The finding, published in the April 3 issue of Science, could open a new path for the treatment of heart diseases such as heart failure and heart attack ,experts say.
　　"We find that the beating cells in the heart, cardiomyocytes, are renewed, " said lead researcher Dr. Jonas Frisen, a professor of stem cell research at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden. "It has previously not been known whether we were limited to the cardiomyocytes we are bom with or if they could be renewed." he said.
　　The process of renewing these cells changes over time, Frisen added. In a 20-year-old, about 1 percent of cardiomyocytes are exchanged each year, but the turnover rate decreases with age to only 0. 45 percent by age 75.
　　"If we can understand how the generation of new cardiomyocytes is regulated , it may be potentially possible to develop pharmaceuticals that promote this process to stimulate regeneration after for example, a heart attack, " Frisen said.
　　That could lead to treatment that helps restore damaged hearts.
　　"A lot of people suffer from chronic heart failure," noted co-author Dr. Ratan Bhardwaj.
　　Ratan Bhardwaj, also from the Karolinska Institute. " Chronic heart failure arises from heart cells dying, "he said.
　　With this finding, scientists are "opening the door to potential therapies to having ourselves heal ourselves, " Bhardwaj said. " Maybe one could devise a pharmaceutical agent that would make heart cells make new and more cells to overcome the problem they are facing."
　　But barriers remain. According to Bhardwaj , scientists do not yet know how to increase heart cell production to a rate that would replace cells faster than they are dying off, especially in older patients with heart failure. In addition, the number of new cells the heart produces was estimated using healthy hearts-whether the rate of cell tumover in diseased hearts is the same remains unknown.
　　31. The human heart stops producing cardiac cells
　　A. when a person becomes old
　　B. as soon as a person gets sick
　　C. immediately after a person is born
　　D. once a person dies
　　32. The finding could prove to be useful to
　　A. the analysis of cardiac cells
　　B. the prevention of chronic diseases
　　C. the treatment of heart disease
　　D. the study of longstanding mysteries
　　33. In people in their mid-70s, only 0. 45 percent of cardiomyocytes _ .
　　A. are still functional
　　B. are reduced each year
　　C. are replaced each year
　　D. are damaged each year
　　34. Chronic heart failure is attributed to
　　A. the dying heart cells
　　B. the effect of pharmceutical
　　C. the weight of a patient
　　D. the life span of a person
　　35. It is not known yet if the rate of cell turnover in diseased hearts
　　A. is high enough to replace cells faster than they're dying off
　　B. is of any use to researchers
　　C. is the same as that in healthy hearts
　　D. changes over time

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-15 23:23:39

第二篇
　　The Ice Man
　　On a September day in 1991, two Germans were climbing the mountain between Austria and Italy. High up on a mountain pass, they found the body of a man lying on the ice. At that height (10,499 feet, or 3,200 meters) , the ice is usually permanent, but 1991 had been an especially warm year. The mountain ice had melted more than just .usual and so the body had come to the surface.
　　It was lying face down. The skeleton(骨架) was in perfect condition, except for a wound in the head. There was still skin on the bones and the remains of some clothes. The hands were still holding the wooden handle of an ax and on the feet there were very simple leather and cloth boots. Nearby was a pair of gloves made of tree bark(树皮) and a holder for arrows.
　　Who was the man? How and when had he died? Everybody had a different answer to these questions. Some people thought that it was from this century, perhaps the body of a soldier who died in World War I, since several soldier had already been found in the area. A Swiss woman believed it might be her father, who had died in those mountains twenty years before and whose body had never been found. The scientists who rushed to look at the body thought it was probably much older,maybe even a thousand years old.
　　With modern dating techniques, the scientists soon learned that the iceman was about 5,300 years old. Born in about 3300 B. C. he lived during the Bronze Age in Europe. At first scientists thought he was probably a hunter who had died from an accident in the high mountains. More recent evidence, however, tells a different story. A new kind of X-ray shows an arrowhead still stuck in his shoulder. It left only a tiny hole in his skin, but it caused internal damage and bleeding. He almost certainly died from this wound, and not from the wound on the back of his head. This means that the was probably in some kind of battle. It may have been part of a large war, or he may have been fighting bandits. He may even have been a bandit himself.
　　By studying his clothes and tools, scientists have already learned a great deal from the Iceman about the times he lived in. we may never know the full story of how he died, but he has given us important clues to the history of those distant times.
　　36. The body of the Iceman was found in the mountains mainly because
　　A. the melted ice made him visible
　　B. two Germans were climbing the mountains
　　C. he was lying on the ice
　　D. he was just on a mountain pass
　　37. What can be inferred from paragraph 2?
　　A. The Iceman was killed while working.
　　B. The Iceman lived a poor life.
　　C. The Iceman could have died from the wound in the head.
　　D. The Iceman was struck dead from behind.
　　38. All the following are assumptions once made about the Iceman EXCEPT .
　　A. he was a soldier in World War I
　　B. he was a Swiss woman's long-lost father
　　C. he was born about a thousand years ago
　　D. he came from Italy
　　39. The scientists made the deduction that the Iceman '
　　A. was hit in the shoulder by an arrowhead .
　　B. was probably in some kind of a battle
　　C. had got a wound on the back of his head
　　D. had a tiny hole in his skin causing his death
　　40. The word"bandits" in paragraph 4 could be best replaced by
　　A. robbers
　　B. soldiers
　　C. hunters
　　D. shooters

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-15 23:23:40

第三篇
　　Holding on to hope may not make patients happier as they deal with chronic illness or diseases, according to a new study by University of Michigan Health System researchers.
　　" Hope is an important part of happiness, "said Peter A. Ubel, M. D. director of the U-M Center for Behavioral and Decision Sciences in Medicine and one of the authors of the happily hopeless study, "but there's a dark side of hope. Sometimes, if hope makes people put off getting on with their life, it can get in the way of happiness. "
　　The results showed that people do not adapt well to situations if they are believed to be shortterm. Ubel and his co-authors-both from U-M and Carnegie Mellon University-studied patients who had new colostomies: their colons were removed and they had to have bowel movements in a pouch that lies outside their body.
　　At the time they received their colostomy, some patients were told that the colostomy was reversible-that they would undergo a second operation to reconnect their bowels after several months. Others were told that the colostomy was permanent and that they would never have normal bowel function again. The second group-the one without hope-reported being happier over the next six months than those with reversible colostomies.
　　"We think they were happier because they got on with their lives. They realized the cards they were dealt, and recognized that they had no choice but to play with those cards," says Ubel, who is also a professor in the Department of Intemal Medicine.
　　"The other group was waiting for their colostomy to be reversed, " he added. "They contrasted their current life with the life they hoped to lead, and didn't make the best of their current situation. "
　　"Hopeful messages may not be in the best interests of the patient and may interfere with the patient's emotional adaptation, " Ubel says."I don't think we should take hope away. But I think we have to be careful about building up people's hope so much that they put off living their lives. "
　　41. Chronically ill patients may be happier
　　A. if they keep thinking of their past
　　B. if they believe they'Il recover
　　C. if they put off moving on
　　D. if they manage to get on with their life
　　42. What had happened to the patients under study?
　　A. They had just survived an accident.
　　B. They had just had an operation.
　　C. They had just injured their colons.
　　D. They had just made some pouches.
　　43. One group of the patients was happier because
　　A. they made the best of their current situation
　　B. they were good at playing cards
　　C. they regained normal bowel function
　　D. they were promised another operation
　　44. The other group was not as happy because .
　　A. they accepted their current situation
　　B. they were anxious to get better
　　C. they missed their previous life
　　D. they refused to play cards
　　45. What could be the message of the passage?
　　A. Giving up hope means giving up happiness.
　　B. Letting go of hope is at times a better choice.
　　C. Hope is what makes people on.
　　D. Hope frequently gets in the way of happiness.

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-15 23:23:41

第5部分：补全短文（第46~50题，每题2分,共10分）
　　下面的短文有5处空白,短文后有6个句子,其中5个取自短文 ,据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。
　　Semco
　　At 21, Ricardo Semler became boss of his father's business in Brazil, Semco, which sold parts for ships. Semler Junior worked like a madman, from 7 :30 am, until midnight every day. One afternoon, while touring a factory in New York, he collapsed. The doctor who treated him said, "
　　There's nothing wrong with you. But if you continue, like this, you'll find a new home in our hospital. " Semler got the message. He changed the way he worked. In fact, he changed the ways his employees worked too.
　　He let his workers take more responsibility so that they would be the ones worring when things went wrong. He allowed them to set their own salaries, and he cut all the jobs he thought were unnecessary, like receptionists and secretaries. (46) "Everyone at Semco, even top managers, meets guests in reception, does the photocopying, sends faxes, types letters and dials the phone. "
　　He completely reorganized the office: instead of walls, they have plants at Semco, so bosses cann't shut themselves away from everyone else (47) As for uniforms, some people wear suits and others wear T-shirts.
　　Semler says, " We have a sales manager named Rubin Agater who sits there reading the newspaper hour after hour. He doesn't even pretend to be busy. But when a Semco pump on the othe other side of the world failes millions of gallons of oil are about to spill into the sea. Rubin springs into action. (48) That's when he earns his salary. No one cares if he doesn't look busy the rest of the time. "
　　Semco has flexible working hours : the employees decide when they need to arrive at work. The employees also evaluate their bosses twice a year. (49)
　　It sounds perfect, but does it work? The answer is in the numbers: in the last six years,
　　Semco's revenues have gone from $ 35 million to $212 million. The company has grown from 800 employees t0 3,000. Why?
　　Semler says it's because of "peer pressure" . Peer pressure makes employees work hard for everyone else. (50) In other words, Ricardo Semler treats his workers like adults and expects them to act like adults. And they do.
　　A. If somone isn't doing his job well, the other workers will not allow the situation to continue.
　　B. This saved money and brought more equality to the company.
　　C. And the workers are free to decorate their workspace as they want.
　　D. He knows everything there is to know about our pumps and how to fix them.
　　E. Most managers spend their time making it difficult for workers to work.
　　F. Also, Semco lets its workers use the company's machiners for their own projects, and makes
　　them take holidays for at least thirty days a year.

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-15 23:23:42

第6部分：完形填空（51~65题，每题1分，共15分）
　　下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项.
　　Nurse ! I Want My Mummy
　　When a child is ill in hospital, a parent's first reaction is to be (5l)them.
　　Most hospitals now allow parents to sleep ( 52) with their child , providing a bed or so fa on the ward.
　　But until the 1970s this (53)was not only frowned upon-it was actively discouraged. Staff worried that the children were (54) when their parents left , and so there was a blanket ban.
　　A concemed nurse, Pamela Hawthorn, disagreed and her study " Nurse! I want my mummy"published in 1974 , ( 55) the face of paediatric nursing.
　　Martin Johnson, a professor of nursing at the University of Salford, said that the work of (56)like Pamela had changed the face of patient care.
　　"Pamela's study was done against the (57) of a lively debate in paediatrics and psy-chology as to the degree women should spend with children in the outside world and the degree to which they should be allowed to visit children in (58) . "
　　. "The idea was that if mum came to (59)a small child in hospital the child would beupset and inconsolable for hours. "
　　"Yet the nurse noticed that if mum did not come at (60) the child stayed in a rela tively stable state but they might be depressed. "
　　"Of course we know now that they had almost given up hope (61) mum was eve coming back. "
　　"To avoid a little bit of pain they said that no-one should visit."
　　"But children were alone and depressed so Hawthorn said parents should be (62) to visit."
　　"Dr Peter Carter, chief executive and general secretary of the Royal College of Nursing, saidher (63) had been seminal. "
　　"Her research put an end to the (64) when parents handed their children over to strangers at the door of the hospital ward. "
　　" As a result of her work, parents and carers are now recognised as partners m care and are af forded the opportunity to stay with their children whilst they are in hospital, (65) has dramatically improved both parents' and children's experience of care. "
　　51. A. with B. over C. upon D. for
　　52. A. soundly B. overtime C. fortnight D. overnight
　　53. A. order B. thought C. exercise D. practice
　　54. A. hungry B. upset C. surprised . D. happy
　　55. A. changed B. examined C. covered D. cleaned
　　56. A. parents B. nurses C. doctors D. teachers
　　57. A. field B. background C. circles D. history
　　58. A. hospital B. family C. group D. school
　　59. A. worry B. control C. visit D. take
　　60. A. all B. large C. will D. it
　　61. A. useless B. that C. because D. whether
　　62. A. forced B. guided C. persuaded D. allowed
　　63. A. work B. condition C. doubt D. dream
　　64. A. months B. weeks C. days D. hours
　　65. A. which B. this C. what D. thus

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[职称英语真题] 2010年全国职称英语考试真题及答案卫生类（B级）