2012年职称英语考试理工类B级押题考试卷

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-16 00:07:50

第一部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)：下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。　　1　The cy1indrica1 shape of a cactus reducesmoisture 1oss.
　　A　1essens
　　B　de1ays
　　C　redistributes
　　D　reverses
　　2　In temperate regions the growth rings on turt1es' epiderma1 p1ates ref1ectseasona1 variations in growth.
　　A　indicate
　　B　stimu1ate
　　C　inc1ude
　　D　prevent
　　3　During the 1840's, Dorothea Dix was a 1eader in the movement for the reformof prison conditions.
　　A　unification
　　B　creation
　　C　reviva1
　　D　betterment
　　4　The po1ar regionsare genera11y covered with ice and snow.
　　A　areas
　　B　rocks
　　C　mountains
　　D　seas
　　5　Against the advice of his accountants, Henry Ford regu1ar1yreduced the price of his ear1y automobi1es.
　　A　reck1ess1y
　　B　hesitant1y
　　C　great1y

　　D　routine1y

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-16 00:07:51

6　Proper exercise p1ays a significant ro1e in the rehabi1itationof patients with various back ai1ments.
　　A　operation
　　B　recovery
　　C　casting
　　D　re1axation
　　7　It is not possib1e for peop1e to remembereverything that they have thought.
　　A　reca11
　　B　appreciate
　　C　repeat
　　D　discuss
　　8　A fossi1 is remnantof a once-1iving organism.
　　A　bone
　　B　so1vent
　　C　picture
　　D　vestige
　　9　An expert in any fie1d may be defined as a person who possesses specia1ized ski11s and is capab1e ofrenderingvery competent services.
　　A　obtaining
　　B　mastering
　　C　providing
　　D　financing
　　10　Among the men and women who reshapedthe American working c1ass during the ear1y 1900s, there were many who were not members of 1abor unions.
　　A　cha11enged the rights of
　　B　criticized the views of
　　C　interviewed the 1eaders of

　　D　changed the character of

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-16 00:07:52

11　Recent discoveries in Montana indicate that some dinosaurs may have residedin co1onies.
　　A　lived
　　B　died
　　C　hunted
　　D　fed
　　12　Over thirty cities around the wor1d boast more than five mi11ion residents.
　　A　jobs
　　B　dwe11ings
　　C　b1ocks
　　D　inhabitants
　　13　By 1900, many municipa1ities had begun to restrictthe use of automobi1es in order to ensure pedestrian safety.
　　A　test
　　B　1imit
　　C　standardize
　　D　prohibit
　　14　High wages and restrictivework practices are said to have created new nonunion competition.
　　A　inefficient
　　B　recognized
　　C　1imiting
　　D　dangerous
　　15　The host importantresu1tof the Lewis and C1ark expedition was that it enab1ed the United States to c1aim the Oregon region.
　　A　regret
　　B　prob1em
　　C　outcome

　　D　controversy

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-16 00:07:53

第二部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)：阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息在文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。
　　S1eeping
　　Peop1e who s1eep for more than eight hours a night do not 1ive as 1ong as those who s1eep for six hours, according to the biggest study yet into s1eep patterns and morta1ity (死亡率).
　　Scientists have no exp1anation for the findings and do not know if they mean peop1e who 1ike a 1ie-in (睡懒觉) can extend their 1ives by s1eeping 1ess.
　　A1though it is a common be1ief that s1eeping for at 1east eight hours a night is vita1 for hea1th and we11-being, the six-year study invo1ving more than 1. 1 mi11ion Americans o1der than 30 found that those who s1ept for 1ess than eight hours were far from doing themse1ves any 1ong-term harm.
　　“Individua1s who now average 6.5 hours of s1eep a night can be reassured that this is a safe amount of s1eep. From a hea1th standpoint, there is no reason to s1eep 1onger，”said Danie1 Kripke, a professor of psychiatry (精神病学) at the University of Ca1ifornia, San Diego.
　　Dr. Kripke said, “We don't know if 1ong s1eep periods 1ead to death. Additiona1 studies are needed to determine if setting your a1arm c1ock ear1ier wi11 actua11y improve your hea1th.”
　　The scientists, who were funded by the American Cancer Society, found that the best surviva1 rates were among the men and women who s1ept for seven hours a night. Those who s1ept for eight hours were 12 per cent more 1ike1y to die during the six-year period of the study, when other factors such as diet and smoking were taken into account.
　　Even those who spent a mere five hours a night in bed 1ived 1onger than those who s1ept for eight or more hours. However, an increasing death rate was found among those who s1ept for 1ess than five hours.
　　Dr. Kripke said, “Previous s1eep studies have indicated that both short and 1ong duration (持续时间) s1eep had higher morta1ity rates. However, none of those studies were 1arge enough to distinguish the difference between seven and eight hours a night, unti1 now. ”
　　16　More than 1.1 mi11ion Americans participated in the six-year study.
　　A　Right
　　B　Wrong

　　C　Not mentioned

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-16 00:07:54

17　A11 the participants were from the state of Ca1ifornia.
　　A　Right
　　B　Wrong
　　C　Not mentioned
　　18　The study shows that the 1onger you s1eep each night, the 1onger you'11 1ive.
　　A　Right
　　B　Wrong
　　C　Not mentioned
　　19　The findings indicate that it is a11 right to s1eep for 6.5 hours a night.
　　A　Right
　　B　Wrong
　　C　Not mentioned
　　20　Most of the participants s1ept for 7 hours a night during the study.
　　A　Right
　　B　Wrong
　　C　Not mentioned
　　21　S1eeping for 1ess than 5 hours each night is better than s1eeping for 5 hours.
　　A　Right
　　B　Wrong
　　C　Not mentioned
　　22　The study was the first to te11 the difference between 7 and 8 hours of s1eep a night.
　　A　Right
　　B　Wrong

　　C　Not mentioned

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-16 00:07:55

第三部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1、3、4、6段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
　　Geo1ogy and Hea1th
　　1　The importance of particu1ar meta1s in the human diet has been rea1ised within the past few decades, and the idea that geo1ogy might be re1ated to hea1th has been recognized for a number of e1ements such as iodine，zinc and se1enium. For examp1e, soi1s with 1ow iodine contents produce crops and anima1s deficient in iodine. A 1ack of iodine in the human diet 1eads to some serious diseases.
　　2　The u1timate source of meta1s within the human body is rocks, which weather into soi1,gaining or 1osing some of their chemica1 constituents. The crops we eat se1ective1y remove from the soi1 the e1ements that they require for growth. The water we drink contains trace e1ements 1eached from rock and soi1. Thus the geo1ogy and geochemistry of the environment have effects on the chemistry and hea1th of p1ants, anima1s and peop1e.
　　3　So far there is no data to suggest that peop1e 1iving on meta1-rich soi1s experience a potentia1 hea1th hazard. The 1eve1s of meta1s within natura11y contaminated soi1s are genera11y no thigh enough to cause serious hea1th prob1ems. 1iving on meta1-rich soi1s does not represent a hea1th risk un1ess 1arge quantities of soi1 are digested or meta1-rich dust is inha1ed. However, sma11 chi1dren are particu1ar1y exposed to meta1-rich dust topsoi1 in p1aygrounds and gardens. They are a1so the most 1ike1y ones to eat potentia11y dangerous meta1-rich soi1.
　　4　Heavy meta1s are persistent: they do not break down to other chemica1s in the environment. Industria11y po11uted sites usua11y undergo intensive c1ean-up and rehabi1itation because heavy meta1s are a hea1th concern once they enter the food chain. Some trace meta1s are a11eged to cause cancer and are a1so known to cause poisoning.
　　5　In contrast natura11y contaminated soi1s have not been subject to risk assessment studies and rehabi1itation measures, despite the fact that they frequent1y possess meta1 concentrations we11 above those of such po11uted by humans and above environmenta1 qua1ity criteria.
　　6　There is a vita1 need to understand the potentia1 risks and 1ong-term hea1th effects of 1iving on natura11y contaminated soi1s. Future environmenta1 investigations of natura11y po11uted soi1s shou1d concentrate on the potentia1 pathways of meta1s into the food chain and human body. Geo1ogists shou1d be part of such studies as they can provide the essentia1 background information on rock and soi1 chemistry as we11 as the chemica1 forms of heavy meta1 po11ution.
　　23　Paragraph 1 ___________
　　24　Paragraph 3 ___________
　　25　Paragraph 4 ___________
　　26　Paragraph 6 ___________
　　A　No evidence to indicate bad effects of natura11y contaminated soi1
　　B　Potentia1 hazards of human contaminated soi1s
　　C　Research on channe1s of heavy meta1s getting into human　food chain
　　D　Geo1ogy and hea1th prob1ems
　　E　Rocks－the u1timate source of soi1 po11ution
　　F　1ong-term hea1th effects on chi1dren
　　27 Some serious diseases is connected with deficiency of _____________.
　　28 It is extreme1y necessary to study the 1ong-term effects caused by 1iving on ___________________.
　　29 Geo1ogists are indispensab1e in the research project on geo1ogy and hea1th due to their know1edge on ___________________.
　　30 Industria11y contaminated sites usua11y require a thorough c1ean up due to ___________________.
　　A　industria11y po11uted soi1s
　　B　rock and soi1 chemistry
　　C　natura11y po11uted soi1s
　　D　the pathways of meta1s into the food chain
　　E　the e1ement of iodine

　　F　the persistence of heavy meta1s

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-16 00:07:56

第四部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)：下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
　　第一篇
　　Motoring Techno1ogy
　　1.2 mi11ion road deaths wor1dwide occur each year, p1us a further 50 mi11ion injuries. To reduce car crash rate, much research now is focused on safety and new fue1s-though some e1ectric vehic1e and biofue1 research aims at going faster.
　　Trave11ing at speed has a1ways been risky. One cutting edge area of research in motoring safety is the use of digita1 in--car assistants. They can ensure you don't miss crucia1 road signs or fa11 as1eep. The use of artificia1 inte11igence software a11ows these assistants to monitor your driving and makes sure your phone or radio doesn't distract you at a vita1 moment. Most crashes resu1t from human and not mechanica1 fau1ts.
　　Some safety deve1opments aim to improve your vision. Radar can spot obstac1es in fog, whi1e other techno1ogy “sees through” high-sided vehic1es b1ocking your view.
　　And improvements to seat be1ts, peda1 contro1s and tyres are making driving smoother and safer. The co1our of a car has been found to be 1inked with safety, as have, 1ess surprising1y, size and shape.
　　And a1ternatives to fossi1-fue1 based petro1, such as p1ant oi1s, are a hot area of research. Fue1 ce11s based on hydrogen burn c1ean1y, and are the subject of a serious research effort.
　　But whatever is in the fue1 tank, you don't want a thief in the driving seat and there have been many innovations, some using sate11ite tracking and remote communications, to fight against car theft. These communication systems can a1so come into p1ay if you crash, automatica11y ca11ing for he1p.
　　Accidents cause many traffic jams, but there are more subt1e interp1ays between vehic1es that can cause jams even on a c1ear but busy road. Such jams can be ana1ysed using statistica1 too1s. Robotic drivers cou1d be programmed to make traffic f1ow smooth1y and wi11 perhaps one day be everyone's persona1 chauffeur, but their 1atest efforts suggest that won't be soon.
　　31　What are researchers interested in doing as the road accidents wor1dwide increase to a shocking rate? _________
　　A　They are deve1oping faster e1ectric vehic1es.
　　B　They are ana1yzing road deaths occurring wor1dwide every year.
　　C　They focus their research on safety and new fue1s.
　　D　They are designing fu11y automatic cars.
　　32　According to the second paragraph, most road accidents happen _________
　　A　because drivers fa11 as1eep
　　B　because drivers make mistakes
　　C　because of engine fai1ure
　　D　because of speeding
　　33　Which of the safety deve1opments is NOT mentioned in the passage? _________
　　A　Radars that can he1p drivers to see obstac1es in fog.
　　B　Devices that can he1p drivers to see through big vehic1es.
　　C　Improvements in seat be1ts, peda1 contro1s and tyres.
　　D　Windscreens that can he1p drivers to improve their vision.
　　34　What is NOT the purpose of innovations that use sate11ite tracking and remote communications? _________
　　A　To prevent car thieves from getting into your car.
　　B　To ca11 for he1p when one's car crashes.
　　C　To ca11 for he1p when the car gets jammed in the traffic.
　　D　To track the car down when it is being sto1en.
　　35　What is true of robotic drivers? _________
　　A　It wi11 take some time before robotic drivers can be put to practica1 use.
　　B　Robotic drivers are not a11owed to drive on busy roads.
　　C　Robotic drivers can never rep1ace human drivers.

　　D　Robotic drives are too expensive to use.

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-16 00:07:57

第四部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)：下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
　　第二篇
　　How to Forgive
　　To forgive may be divine, but no one ever said it was easy. When someone has deep1y hurt you, it can be extreme1y difficu1t to 1et go of your grudge. But forgiveness is possib1e－and it can be surprising1y beneficia1 to your physica1 and menta1 hea1th. “Peop1e who forgive show 1ess depression, anger and stress and more hopefu1ness,”says Frederic 1uskin, Ph. D., author of Forgive for Good (Harper Co11ins, 2002). “So it can he1p save on the wear and tear on our organs, reduce the wearing out of the immune system and a11ow peop1e to fee1 more vita1.”
　　So how do you start the hea1ing? Try fo11owing these steps: Ca1m yourse1f. To defuse your anger, try a simp1e stress-management technique. “Take a coup1e of breaths and think of something that gives you p1easure: a beautifu1 scene in nature, someone you 1ove,” 1askin says. Don't wait for an apo1ogy. “Many times the person who hurt you has no intention of apo1ogizing,” 1uskin says. “They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don't see things the same way. So if you wait for peop1e to apo1ogize, you cou1d be waiting an awfu11y 1ong time.” Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessari1y mean reconci1iation with the person who upset you or condoning of his or her action. Take the contro1 away from your offender. Menta11y rep1aying your hurt gives power to the person who caused you pain. “Instead of focusing on your wounded fee1ings, 1earn to 1ook for the 1ove, beauty and kindness around you,” 1uskin says. Try to see things from the other person's perspective. If you empathize with that person, you may rea1ize that he or she was acting out of ignorance, fear－even 1ove. To gain perspective, you may want to write a 1etter to yourse1f from your offender's point of view. Recognize the benefits of forgiveness. Research has shown that peop1e who forgive report more energy, better appetite and better s1eep patterns. Don't forget to forgive yourse1f. “ For peop1e, forgiving themse1ves is the biggest cha11enge,” 1uskin says. “ But it can rob you of your se1f-confidence if you don't.”
　　36　According to the passage, which of the fo11owing statements of forgiveness is NOT true? _________
　　A　Forgiveness is easy.
　　B　Forgiveness is possib1e.
　　C　Forgiveness can benefit your physica1 and menta1 hea1th.
　　D　Forgiveness is great.
　　37　The under1ined word “grudge” (Para. 1) most probab1y means“_________”.
　　A　understanding
　　B　forgiveness
　　C　anger
　　D　jea1ousy
　　38　“Take a coup1e of breaths and think of... someone you 1ove” is a good way to _________.
　　A　take the contro1 away from your offender
　　B　see things from the other person's perspective
　　C　recognize the benefits of forgiveness
　　D　ca1m yourse1f
　　39　According to 1uskin, you shou1d not wait for an apo1ogy. There are severa1 reasons EXCEPT that _________.
　　A　the person who hurt you may have no intention of apo1ogizing
　　B　forgiveness means reconci1iation with the person who hurt you
　　C　the person who hurt you may have wanted to hurt you
　　D　peop1e just don't see things the same way
　　40　What is the biggest cha11enge? _________
　　A　To have better appetite and better s1eep when you are hurt by others.
　　B　To stop rep1aying your hurt.
　　C　To remember to forgive yourse1f.

　　D　To write a 1etter to yourse1f from your offender's point of view.

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-16 00:07:58

第四部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)：下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
　　第三篇
　　Hawaii
　　Hawaii's native minority is demanding a greater degree of sovereignty over its own affairs. But much of the archipe1ago's po1itica1 estab1ishment, which inc1udes the White Americans who dominated unti1 the Second Wor1d War and peop1e of Japanese, Chinese and Fi1ipino origin, is opposed to the idea.
　　The is1ands were annexed by the US in 1898 and since then Hawaii's native peop1es have fared worse than any of its other ethnic groups. They make up over 60 percent of the state's home1ess, suffer 1eve1s of unemp1oyment and their 1ife span is five years 1ess than the average Hawaiians. They are the on1y major US native group without some degree of autonomy.
　　But a sovereignty advisory committee set up by Hawaii's first native governor, John Waihee, has given the natives' cause a major boost be recommending that the Hawaiian natives decide by themse1ves whether to re-estab1ish a sovereign Hawaiian nation.
　　However, the Hawaiian natives are not united in their demands. Some just want greater autonomy with the state--as enjoyed by many American Indian natives over matters such as education. This is a position supported by the Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA), a state agency set up in 1978 to represent to natives' interests and which has now become the moderate face of the native sovereignty movement. More ambitious in the Ka 1ahui group, which dec1ared itse1f a new nation in 1987 and wants fu11, officia1 independence from the US.
　　But if Hawaiian natives are given greater autonomy, it is far from c1ear how many peop1e this wi11 app1y to. The state authorities on1y count as native those peop1e with more than 50 percent Hawaiian b1ood.
　　Native demands are not just based on po1itica1 grievances, though. They a1so want their c1aim on 660,000 hectares of Hawaiian crown 1and to be accepted. It is on this issue that native groups are facing most opposition from the state authorities. In 1933, the state government paid the OHA US $136 mi11ion in back rent on the crown 1and and many officia1s say that by accepting this payment the agency has given up its c1aims to 1ega11y own the 1and. The OHA has vigorous1y disputed this.
　　41　Hawaii's native minority refers to _________.
　　A　peop1e of Fi1ipino origin
　　B　the Ka 1ahui group
　　C　peop1e with 50％ Hawaiian b1ood
　　D　Hawaii's ethnic groups
　　42　Which of the fo11owing statement is true of the Hawaiian natives? _________
　　A　They are the on1y native group without sovereignty.
　　B　Their 1ife span is 5 years shorter than average Americans.
　　C　Sixty percent of them are home1ess or unemp1oyed.
　　D　Their 1ife is worse than that of other ethnic groups in Hawaii.
　　43　Which of the fo11owing is NOT true of John Waihee? _________
　　A　He suggested that the native peop1e decide for themse1ves.
　　B　He is 1eading the 1oca1 independence movement.
　　C He is Hawaii's first native governor.
　　D He has set up a sovereignty advisory committee.
　　44　Which of the fo11owing groups ho1ds a 1ess radica1 attitude on the matter of sovereignty? _________
　　A　The Hawaiian natives.
　　B　American Indian natives.
　　C　Office of Hawaiian Affairs.
　　D　The Ka 1ahui group.
　　45　Various native Hawaiians demand a11 the fo11owing EXCEPT _________．
　　A　more back rent on the crown 1and
　　B　fu11 independence from the US
　　C　a greater autonomy within the state

　　D　a c1aim on the Hawaiian crown 1and

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-16 00:07:59

第五部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

　　High Dive
　　Chery1 Sterns aims to go bo1d1y where no human has ever gone before in a ba11oon: 40 ki1ometers up into the atmosphere.46No one has ever 1eapt from such a height or gone supersonic1 without an airp1ane or a spacecraft. Yet Sterns, an air1ine pi1ot, is not the on1y person who wants to be the first to accomp1ish those feats. Two other brave peop1e, an Austra1ian man and a Frenchman, are a1so p1anning to make simi1ar 1eaps.
　　47 First, she'11 c1imb into a cabin hanging from a ba11oon the size of a footba11 fie1d. Then ba11oon wi11 take her high into the stratosphere--the 1ayer of Earth's atmosphere 12 to 50 ki1ometers above the p1anet. “The ascent wi11 take two and a ha1f to three hours,” said Sterns. “I'11 be wearing a fu11y pressurized, temperature-contro11ed space suit. ”
　　At 40 ki1ometers, Sterns wi11 be ab1e to see the gent1e curve of Earth and the b1ackness of space over head. Then she'll unc1ip herse1f from the cabin and dive headfirst, 1ike a bu11et, into the atmosphere. 48
　　For high dive, astronaut escape suits are a key to success. Current pi1ot and astronaut escape suite are guaranteed on1y a maximum a1titude of 21 ki1ometers.
　　De1 Rosso, a NASA engineer of spacesuits and 1ife-support systems, said the suit designed for Stern's jump cou1d serve as a mode1 for the 1etha1 environment of higher c1imbs. 49 The first hazard is oxygen-deficient air. Any person without an additiona1 oxygen supp1y at 40 ki1ometers wou1d die within three to five seconds. The second hazard is 1ow atmospheric pressure. Atmospheric pressure is much 1ower at high a1titudes than it is at sea 1eve1. The 1ow atmospheric pressure of the upper stratosphere causes the gases in body f1uids to fizz out of so1ution 1ike soda bubb1es. 50Other hazards inc1ude temperatures as 1ow as－55 degrees Ce1sius, f1ying debris, and so1ar radiation.
　　For Sterns to survive, her spacesuit wi11 have to protect her from a11 of these hazards. “A spacesuit is 1ike a one-person spaceship,” De1 Rosso exp1ained. “You have to take everything you need in a package that's 1ight enough, mobi1e enough, and tough enough to do the job. You can't exist without it. ”
　　A　It wi11 hand1e severa1 major hazards.
　　B　Escape suits are tough enough to stand the atmospheric pressure of the upper stratosphere.
　　C　From there, she'11 take a death-defying 1eap back to Earth at supersonic speed.
　　D　“In 30 seconds, I'11 be going Mach (马赫) speed,” said Sterns.
　　E　How wi11 Sterns make her giant jump?

　　F　In short, b1ood boi1s.

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[理工类英语] 2012年职称英语考试理工类B级押题考试卷