专业四级考前必补资料：语法词汇

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-14 11:20:45

　　集体名词作主语主谓一致
　　1)通常作复数的集体名词
　　集体名词，如：police, people,cattle,militia,poultry等，
　　通常作复数，用复数动词。如：
　　Domestic cattle provide us with milk, beef and hides.
　　2)通常作不可数名词的集体名词
　　有些集体名词，如foliage,machinery,equipment,furniture,merchandise,通常作不可数名词，随后的动词用单数。例如：All the machinery in the factory is made in China.
　　3)既可作单数也可作复数的集体名词
　　集体名词，如audience, committee, class, crew, family, public, government等，既可作单数，也可作复数用。
　　The city council is meeting to set its agenda.
　　4)a committee,etc. of +复数名词
　　如果主语是由“a committee of /a panel of /a board of +复数名词”构成，随后的动词通常用单数。例如：
　　A committee of five men and three women is to consider the matter.
　　近义词辨析
　　tired, exhausted, fatigued, weary, wornout
　　这组词均含有“疲惫的”的意思。
　　tired可指因体力或脑力消耗太多而需要休息，还可指因长期做某事而失去兴趣。
　　Henry was so tired that he went to bed immediately after he got home.亨利很疲惫，一到家就上床睡觉去了。
　　exhausted
　　表达的疲惫程度最强，指因劳累过度而精疲力竭。
　　The exhausted engineer fell asleep on the bus.精疲力竭的工程师在公共汽车上睡着了。
　　fatigued
　　所表达的疲劳程度比tired和weary强，表示由于过度劳累而引起疲乏，不能再继续下去。
　　He felt fatigued and didn’t want to say a single word.他疲惫不堪，不想说一句话。
　　weary
　　语气比tired强，指由于长时间努力工作或由于做单一的事而引起疲倦。
　　After a long and weary wait, the plane finally came to take them back.经过漫长而又令人疲乏的等待后，飞机终于来接他们回去了。
　　wornout
　　这个词不太正式，多用于口语。
　　The troops were wornout after winning the battle.战后,部队疲惫不堪。
　　全真模拟试题
　　1. Although ______ Spanish, he attended the course.
　　A. he was knowing    B. he is knowing
　　C. having a knowledge of  D. knows
　　2. You ______that letter to James. However, you didn’t.
　　A. ought to write       B. ought to have written
　　C. should write D. should be writing
　　3. Joseph was very lucky ______ with his life; he almost did not get out of the room.
　　A. to escape  B. to have escaped
　　C. to escaping  D. to be escaping
　　4. Bread and butter ______liked by Westerners.
　　A. is    B. are    C. were D. be
　　5. The back garden of our house contains a lawn, ______
　　very pleasant to sit on in summer.
　　A. which is  B. which it is  C. it is  D.  where it is
　　6. He set up in business ______ his own and was very successful.
　　A. in  B.  of  C.  on  D. by
　　7. John’s score on the test is the highest in the class; he ______
　　last night.
　　A. must study  B. should have studied
　　C. must have studied  D. is sure to study
　　8. Frank almost never received any education, ______?
　　A. would he  B. did he
　　C. didn’t he  D. wouldn’t he
　　9.  Even if his letter ______ tomorrow, it ______
　　too late to do anything.
　　A.  will arrive...is  B.  should arrive...were
　　C.  arrives...will be  D.  arrives...would be
　　10. We can hear  ______from the back of the room.
　　A. just as good  B.  just as easy  
　　C.  just as well  D.  easily as well
　　11. To obtain a satisfactory result, one must apply two ______
　　of paint on a clean surface.
　　A.  coats  B. levels  C.  times  D. courses
　　12. The small mountain village was ______ by the snow
　　for more than one month.
　　A. cut back  B.  cut out
　　C.  cut off  D. cut away
　　13.  Miss Green was ______ $100 for driving after drinking.
　　A. fined  B.  charged  C.  punished  D.  posed

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-14 11:20:46

　　14.  Modern ______ perhaps causes more problems than it solves.
　　A. technique B.  technology
　　C. tactics D.  tendency
　　15. Mary tiptoed over and took the clock away because she hated to hear
　　it ______ when she was trying to go to  sleep.
　　A. sounding  B. ringing  C. ticking  D. humming
　　16. Under this ______ pressure some of the rocks even
　　became liquid.
　　A. intensive  B.  weighty  C.  intense  D.  bulky
　　17. Of course, most immigrants did not get rich overnight, but the ______ of them were eventually able to improve upon their former standard of living.
　　A. maximum  B.  minority  C. majority  D.  minimum
　　18. Nancy was surprised that they have ______. They seemed to be a happy couple.
　　A. split up  B.  broken down  
　　C. fallen through  D. knocked out
　　19.  The beach is in an ideal ______ to draw tourists.
　　A. condition  B. situation  C. state  D. publicity
　　20. Our ______ sensitivity decreases with age. By age
　　60, most people have lost 40 percent of their ability to  smell and 50 percent of their taste buds.
　　A. sensible  B. senseless 
　　C. sensitive  D. sensory
　　21. The eldest child is thoroughly ______ because they
　　always give him whatever he wants.
　　A. wasted  B. spoiled
　　C.  destroyed D.  uneducated
　　22.  If a substance is dissolved in water or heated, it may ______ a gas.
　　A. give into  B. give over
　　C. give off  D. give away
　　23. His manner was so pleasant that Bolla felt at ______ with him at once.
　　A. peace  B. large  C. ease  D. best
　　24.  —Can you take  the day off tomorrow?
　　—Well, I’ll have to get ______ from my boss.
　　A. permission  B. permit
　　C. allowance  D. possession
　　25. The ______ in Janet’s character has hindered her from advancement in her career.
　　A. weakness  B. merit
　　C. defect  D. shortcoming
　　您的得分率为：  / 25
　　试题答案与解析
　　1. C) 【句意】虽然只懂一点西班牙语，但他还是参加了这个课程的学习。
　　【难点】know是静态动词，不能用于进行时；选knows从句中又缺少主语。knowledge作“知识”讲时是不可数名词，但作“了解”讲时，前面可加“a”，常用于词组have a knowledge of中，所以选C)。
　　2. B) 【句意】你本应该给詹姆斯写信，然而，你没写。
　　【难点】ought to have written是虚拟语气，与本句句意相符。
　　3. B) 【句意】约瑟夫幸运地逃了性命；他险些没从房间里逃出来。
　　【难点】to have escaped 是不定式的完成式，表示过去的某一动作业已完成。
　　4. A) 【句意】黄油面包受西方人青睐。
　　【难点】bread and butter 是西方人吃的一种食品，虽然有三个字，表达的却是一个东西，并且是不可数名词，作单数。
　　5. A) 【句意】我家的后花园有一片草坪，夏天坐在上面会令你心旷神怡。
　　【难点】which引出非限制性定语从句，在句中作主语，且和sit on 构成动
　　宾关系。类似的句子有：This room is comfortable to live in 这句中live in 和this room构成动宾关系。
　　6. C) 【句意】他独自一人开始经商，并且做得很成功。
　　【难点】on one’s own 是个常用的介词词组，意为“独自”；of one’s own表示“某人自己的(东西)”，如：I have a flat of my own.我自己有套房子。
　　7. C) 【句意】约翰的考试分数全班最高；他
　　昨天晚上一定学习了。
　　【难点】表示对过去某一动作行为的猜测须要用must have done这一句型结构。
　　8. B) 【句意】弗兰克几乎从未受过任何教育，是不是?
　　【难点】这是一句含有否定副词never的一般过去时的句子，由于主句为
　　否定形式，所以反意问句用肯定形式。
　　9. C) 【句意】即使他的信明天到也无济于事了。
　　【难点】在条件句中表示现在将来的时间，需要用一般现在时，主句中使
　　用将来时。
　　10. C) 【句意】我们在房间的后面也能听得很清楚。
　　【难点】as well意为“(程度)同样地好”，是副词短语修饰动词hear；just表示程度，意为“刚好”。
　　11. A) 【句意】为获得一个满意的结果，你必
　　须在一个干净的表面上涂两层油漆。

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-14 11:20:47

　　【难点】coat意为“覆盖物，层”;level意为“(建筑物)楼层”;times意
　　为“次，回”;courses意为“(一层)砖面；一排”。
　　12. C) 【句意】这个小山村被大雪封住达一个多月。
　　【难点】cut back意为“削减；缩减”;cut out意为“停止；切下”;cut
　　off意为“切断；使隔断”;cut away意为“切除；砍掉”。
　　13. A) 【句意】格林小姐因酒后驾车被罚100美元。
　　【难点】fine意为“处…以罚金”;charge意为“要(价)，收(费)，要(人)支付(钱)”;punish意为“罚，惩罚”;pose意为“造成，引起(困难)”。
　　14. B) 【句意】现代技术所引发的问题也许比
　　它所能解决的要多。
　　【难点】technique意为“技法；具体的技术”;technology意为“工业技术”;tactics意为“战术，兵法，策略”；tendency意为“倾向”。
　　15. C) 【句意】玛丽蹑手蹑脚走过来把钟拿走
　　了，因为她讨厌在自己想睡觉的时候听它滴哒地响。
　　【难点】sound意为“作声，发声，响”;ring意为“鸣，发出清脆响亮的声音”;tick
　　意为“发出滴哒声”;hum意为“发连续低沉的声音(如蜜蜂、马达的嗡嗡声)”。
　　16. C) 【句意】在这种强大的压力下，一些岩
　　石甚至变成了液体。
　　【难点】intensive意为“加强的；集中的”;weighty意为“沉重的；笨
　　重的”;intense意为“强烈的，剧烈的”;bulky意为“庞大的；粗壮的”。
　　17. C) 【句意】当然，大多数移民不是一夜之
　　间就发财的，但是他们大多最终改善了自己的生活水平。
　　【难点】maximum意为“最大限量；最高点”;minority意为“少数，半数
　　以下”;majority意为“大多数”;minimum意为“最低限度，最低点”。
　　18. A) 【句意】南希对他们的离婚表示十分惊讶，因为他们似乎是一对快乐的夫妇。
　　【难点】split up意为“分裂，离婚”;break down意为“(精神方面)垮
　　掉；(健康)变得
　　衰弱；崩溃”;fall through意为“失败；成为泡影”;knock out意为“使筋疲力尽”。
　　19. B) 【句意】这片海滩所处位置理想，吸引了很多游客。
　　【难点】condition意为“状况；形势”;situation意为“位置，地点，
　　环境”;state意为“状态，情形”;publicity意为“公众的注意，名声”。
　　20. D) 【句意】我们的感官能力随着年龄的增
　　长而下降。比如说，到60岁的时候，多数人失去了他们40%的嗅觉能力和50%的味觉能力。
　　【难点】sensible意为“明智的，合情理的”;senseless意为“失去知觉
　　的，不省人事的”;sensitive意为“敏感的”;sensory意为“感觉的，传递感觉的”。
　　21. B) 【句意】他们的大孩子被彻底宠坏了，因为他要什么，他们就给什么。
　　【难点】waste意为“使衰弱；使消瘦”;spoil意为“宠坏，溺爱”;destroy意为“破坏；毁灭”;uneducated意为“未受(良好) 教育的”。
　　22. C) 【句意】如果一种物质溶解在水里或被
　　加热，它可能释放出一种气体。
　　【难点】give into为非固定搭配；give over意为“托付，交托”；give
　　off意为“散发”；give away意为“送掉，分发(奖品)等”。
　　23. C) 【句意】他那平易近人的风度使得博拉立刻放松了情绪。
　　【难点】at peace意为“和平地”;at large意为“自由地；大体地”;at ease意为“不拘束”;at best意为“至多”。
　　24. A) 【句意】——你明天能休一天吗?
　　——呵，我要征得老板的允许。
　　【难点】permission意为“允许”；permit意为“许可证”；allowance意为“津贴”；possession意为“拥有”。
　　25. C) 【句意】詹妮特的性格缺陷阻碍了她事业进步。
　　【难点】weakness意为“弱点；嗜好”;merit意为“优点，长处”;defect意为“缺点，缺陷”;shortcoming意为“缺点，短处”。
　　Test Two
　　关于used to的意义和用法
　　used to (只有过去时形式，没有现在时形式)表示过去习惯动作或状态，这种情况现已不复存在。例如：
　　He used to smoke a lot, but he has long given up smoking.
　　在否定陈述句或否定疑问句中，用didn’t use to或usedn’t to均可：
　　He didn’t use to smoke cigarettes.
　　He usedn’t to smoke cigarettes.
　　Didn’t Maria use to be interested in the theatre?
　　Usedn’t Maria to be interested in the theatre?
　　在肯定疑问句中也可有两种形式：
　　Used you to go to the same school as Edward?
　　Did you use to go to the same school as Edward?
　　近义词辨析
　　use, apply, avail, employ, utilize
　　这组词均含有“使用”或“利用”之意。
　　use强调利用人或物作为工具。
　　He used up all his resources in experimenting with the new paint.他为实验新的涂料，花光了一切钱财。
　　Apply 指把某物或某种方法、原理等加以应用。
　　We should not only know the theory but also know how to apply it to practice.我们不仅要知道理论，还要知道怎样把理论应用于实践。

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-14 11:20:48

　　avail指使用就近的或他人给予的东西，或使别人为自己提供服务。
　　I don’t think complaints will avail you much.我觉得抱怨对你没多大用处。
　　We avail ourselves of every opportunity to speak English.我们利用一切机会讲英语。
　　employ指使用未被利用的东西；用于人时表示雇用。
　　He doesn’t know how to employ his energy and time.他不知道该怎么利用他的精力和时间。
　　utilize指充分发挥某物的作用，使无用的东西变有用，或使人或物有新用途。
　　She hopes to utilize her artistic talents in the job.她希望在工作中发挥她的艺术才能。
　　全真模拟试题
　　1. My pain ______ apparent the moment I walked into the room, for the first man I met asked sympathetically: “Are you feeling all right?”A. must be  B. must have been  C. had been  D. had to be
　　
　　2. It is only when you nearly lose someone ______ fully conscious of how much you value him.
　　A. do you become  B.  then you become
　　C. that you become  D.  have you become
　　3. Just as the soil is a part of the earth, ______ the
　　atmosphere.
　　A. as it is  B. so is  C. the same as  D. and so is
　　4. While driving along the treacherous road, ______.
　　A. my right rear tyre blew out  
　　B. my right rear tyre had a blowout  
　　C.  I had a blownout on my right rear tyre  
　　D. I had my right rear tyre blowout
　　5. Jean Wagner’s most enduring contribution to the study of AfroAmerican poetry
　　is his insistence that it ______ in a religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference.
　　A. is to be analysed  B. has been analysed  
　　C. be analysed  D. should have been analysed
　　6.______ there is little we can do to modify the weather, we can at least know what kind of weather to expect.
　　A. Since B.  When  C.  While  D. Unless
　　7.  This organization brought Western artists together in the hope of  ma
　　king more of an impact on the art  community ______ any of them could individually and to promote Western art by women.
　　A. rather than B.  rather C. than  D. other than
　　8. But the Swiss discovered long years ago that constant warfare brought
　　them ______ suffering and poverty.
　　A. anything but  B. nothing but  
　　C. none other than  D. no more than
　　9. After ______ seemed an endless wait,  it was her turn to step into the doctor’s office.
　　A.  it B.  that  C.  what  D. which
　　10. The board deemed it’s urgent that these files ______
　　right away.
　　A. had to be printed  B. should have been printed  
　　C. must be printed  D. should be printed
　　11. His answer was so confused that I could hardly make any ______
　　of it at all.
　　A. explanation  B. meaning  C. sense  D. interpretation
　　12. You should have your eyes tested every year in case the ______
　　of  your spectacles need changing.
　　A. lenses B.  glasses  C.  sights  D.  crystals
　　13. The school committee hoped that their choice of play would be ______ with the students and their parents.
　　A. recognized  B. popular  C. favorable  D. fascinated
　　14. By cutting down trees we ______ the natural home of birds and animals.
　　A. harm  B. hurt  C. injure  D. damage
　　15. Mr. Robinson knew that the most trivial chore could prove to be a ______ if approached with enthusiasm.
　　A. prize  B. reward  C.  refund  D. bonus
　　16. The trade unions in this industry are ______ any reduction in wages.
　　A. objecting against  B. opposed to  
　　C. reacted to  D.  resisting against
　　17. She was teaching me ______ you would teach a younger child to speak the language.

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-14 11:20:49

　　A. the way  B.in the way  C. a way  D.  to the way
　　18. The Brownings have not ______ yet and I doubt whether they will come.
　　A turned in  B. turned out  C.turned up  D. turned to
　　19.  We went on a(n) ______ to the mountain yesterday.
　　A.excursion  B.  trip  C. tour  D. travel
　　20.  When Sarah and I ______ on an article for the school newspaper, we found it difficult to work together.
　　A. compiled  B. gathered  
　　C. collaborated  D. collected
　　21.  Beth could ______ her coat because it had  large
　　red buttons.
　　A. recognize  B.  prove  C.  define  D. claim
　　22.  Postal ______ are determined by the class and weight of the parcel mailed.
　　A. taxes  B.  payment  C. fees  D. premium
　　23.  My father is so deaf that he has to use a hearing  ______.
　　A. help    B. aid C.  support D.  tool
　　24.  On New Year’s Eve, there will be a firework ______
　　at People’s Square.
　　A. display  B.  performance C. show D. exhibition
　　25.  The ______ of beer and alcohol in New Zealand is very high.
　　A. consumption B. use C.  drink  D. absorption
　　您的得分率为：  / 25
　　试题答案与解析
　　1. B) 【句意】我刚一走进房间时一定表现得
　　很痛苦，因为我遇到的第一个人同情地问我：“你没事吧?”
　　【难点】must与完成时不定式连用往往表示对过去发生的事情的主观推测
　　，常译成“一定是…”。
　　2. C) 【句意】只有当你快要失去什么人时，
　　你才充分意识到他对你是多么重要。
　　【难点】该句是一个典型的强调句式，即It is...that...。
　　
　　3. B) 【句意】正像土壤是地球的一部分，大
　　气层也是。
　　【难点】Just as...，so...为一固定结构，意为“正如…，…也…”。
　　
　　4. C) 【句意】当我在险峻的山路上驾车急驰
　　时，车的右后胎爆了。
　　【难点】此句为一个带有时间状语从句的主从复合句。在英语中，由while, when等引导的
　　时间状语从句，如果其主语与主句中的主语相同，从句中的主语可以省略，而只剩下分词短
　　语。驾车的应该是人，所以只能从C)和D)选，而D)的意义不符，所以选C)。
　　
　　5. C) 【句意】杰恩·瓦格那对亚非诗歌最永恒
　　的贡献是他坚持认为，这类诗歌除用凡俗的参考框架，还应用宗教的参考框架进行研究。
　　【难点】insistence是个从insist派生来的名词，二者后面分别接同位语
　　从句和宾语从句，句中皆应使用虚拟形式，即should+动词原形或动词原形。
　　
　　6. C) 【句意】尽管我们在改变天气方面无能
　　为力，但我们至少知道天气未来的变化。
　　【难点】while除表示时间外，还可表示转折、让步，意为“尽管，虽然”。该句中其它选项不具备此意。
　　
　　7. C) 【句意】该组织把西部艺术家聚集在一
　　起，希望
　　他们比任何个人都能更多地影响艺术界，并由妇女来促进西部艺术。
　　【难点】选项C)的than与句中的more形成正确搭配，意为“比…都…”，故为答案。
　　
　　8. B) 【句意】但是多年以前瑞士人就发现连
　　年不断的战争给他们带来的只有苦难和贫穷。
　　【难点】nothing but意为“仅仅，只不过”；anything but意为“除…
　　以外的任何事”；none other than意为“不是别人，正是…”；no more than意为“不过，仅仅”。
　　
　　9. C) 【句意】在经过一段似乎是漫无边际的
　　等候之后，终于轮到她走进医生的办公室。
　　【难点】在由after引导的介词短语中，what seemed(to be)起定语作用，修饰an endless wait。又如：I saw what seemed to be a fox.我看见一个似乎是狐狸的东西。
　　
　　10. D) 【句意】董事会认为这些卷宗应立刻打印。
　　【难点】urgent在句中做形式宾语it的补足语，其后的宾语从句应使用虚拟式，即should+动词原形。
　　
　　11. C) 【句意】他的答案很不清楚，我根本弄
　　不懂。
　　【难点】sense意为“意义；含义”,短语make sense of意为“弄懂…的
　　意思”；explanation意为“解释，说明，阐述”，侧重说明事件的真相、原因；meaning意为“意义，意思；
　　含义”，但不能在make sense of 短语中代替sense；interpretation意为“解释，说明，阐明”，比较正式。
　　
　　12. A) 【句意】你应该每年检查一次自己的眼睛，因为你的眼镜镜片也许需要更换。

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-14 11:20:50

　　【难点】lenses意为“镜片”；glasses意为“眼镜”；sights意为“视
　　野；风景”；crystals意为“水晶，晶体”。
　　
　　13. B) 【句意】校董会希望他们选择的那出剧
　　会受到孩子和家长的欢迎。
　　【难点】popular意为“讨人喜欢的；得人心的；受欢迎的”。recognized意为“被赏识的
　　；受表彰的”。favorable意为“赢得赞许的；讨人喜欢的”，但后面不能接with。fascinated意为“被迷住的，被弄得神魂颠倒的”。
　　
　　14. D) 【句意】我们砍伐树木的行为损坏了鸟
　　兽的自然家园。
　　【难点】damage意为“加害于…，损伤…”；harm意为“对…有害”；hurt意为“疼痛，受伤，(精神上)伤害”；injure意为“使受伤”，身体受外力伤害。
　　
　　15. B) 【句意】罗宾逊先生知道，如果带着热
　　情去做，最琐碎的家务也能证明是一种报偿。
　　【难点】reward意为“报答；奖赏”；prize意为“奖金，奖品”；refun
　　d意为“退款”；bonus意为“奖金，红利”。
　　
　　16. B) 【句意】该行业工会反对降低工资。
　　【难点】be opposed to意为“反对，对抗”；object against不常用；react to意为“作出反应，反应”；resist不与against连用。
　　
　　17. A) 【句意】她教我那门语言的方式简直就
　　象在教一个小孩说话。
　　【难点】the way后接从句，意为“以…方式”。in the way意为“妨碍(
　　某人)”。a way 和to the way不是固定搭配。
　　
　　18. C) 【句意】勃朗宁一家人还没露面，我怀
　　疑他们会不会来。
　　【难点】turn up意为“出现，露面”；turn in意为“归还，递交…”；
　　turn out意为“原来是，证明是”；turn to 意为“求助于；求教于”。
　　
　　19. A) 【句意】昨天我们到那座山里进行了一次远足观光。
　　【难点】excursion意为“远足，短途旅行”；trip意为“旅游出行；行
　　程”；tour意为“游历；观光”；travel意为“(长途)旅行”。
　　
　　20. C) 【句意】当我和萨拉为校报合作一篇文
　　章时，我们发现很难在一起工作。
　　【难点】collaborate意为“合作，合著”；compile意为“汇集；编辑”
　　；gather意为“聚会，集会”；collect意为“收集；集合”。
　　
　　21. A) 【句意】贝丝能认出自己的大衣，因为
　　她的大衣上有红色的大钮扣。
　　【难点】recognize意为“认出，识别”；prove意为“证明，证实”；de
　　fine意为“下定义”；claim意为“认领；索取”。
　　
　　22. C) 【句意】邮资是根据所邮包裹的等级和
　　重量来定的。
　　【难点】fee意为“费(如会费，入场费，手续费等)”；tax意为“税，税
　　款”；payment意为“支付，付款”；premium意为“津贴；酬金”。
　　
　　23. B) 【句意】我父亲耳聋得厉害，不得不使
　　用助听器。
　　【难点】aid意为“辅助器具”；help意为“帮助”；support意为“支持”；tool意为“工具”。
　　
　　24. A) 【句意】新年除夕，人民广场将举行焰
　　火表演。
　　【难点】display意为“展示性表演”；performance意为“文艺演出；表演”；show意为“
　　展览；展览会”；exhibition也是“展览会”，属销售性质。
　　25. A) 【句意】在新西兰，啤酒和白酒的消费
　　量很大。
　　【难点】consumption意为“消费量”;use意为“使用，用途”;drink意
　　为“饮料”；absorption意为“吸收”。
　　Test Three
　　关于dare的意义和用法
　　作为情态动词表示“胆敢”，dare通常只用于否定陈述句和疑问句。例如：
　　I dare not go there.
　　How dare he say such rude things about me?
　　dare作为情态助动词没有过去式形式，其否定式为daren’t，既可指现在时间，也可指过去时间。例如：
　　Tom wanted to come, but he daren’t.
　　dare还可用主动词，随后的不定式可带to,也可不带to。例如：
　　He does not dare (to) answer.
　　Does she dare (to) go there alone?
　　近义词辨析
　　besides, but, except, except for
　　这组词均含有“除…外”的意思。
　　besides “除…外，还有…”，指更进一步的拥有，包括所“除”事物在内。
　　Have you got any clothes besides these?除了这些衣服你还有别的吗?
　　but不包括所引事物在内，多与nothing, not anything, nobody, nowhere, all, anybody等连用。
　　He has nobody but himself to blame for that.那件事他没法指责别人，只能怪他自己。
　　except不包括所引事物。常与no, none, nothing等否定词或all,everyone, everything等连用，但不可用于句首。
　　They all went to the Summer Palace except one.除一人之外他们都去了颐和园。
　　except for常指除去所引情况让人稍感遗憾之外，整体情况尚属理想，被除去的事物与正在谈及的事物之间不具有共同属性或性质。
　　The roads were clear except for a few cars.除几辆小汽车外，路面很空旷。
　　
　　全真模拟试题

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-14 11:20:51

　　1.  The bank is reported in the local newspaper ______ in broad daylight yesterday.
　　A. to be robbed B. robbed  
　　C. to have been robbed  D. having been robbed
　　2.  ______ before, his first performance for the amateur dramatic group was a success.
　　A. Though having never acted  
　　B. As he had never acted  
　　C. Despite he had never acted  
　　D. In spite of his never having acted
　　3.  By the middle of the 21st century, the vast majority of the world’s
　　population ______ in cities rather than in the country.
　　A. are living  B. will be living 
　　C. have lived  D.  will have lived
　　4.  Mr. Milton prefers to resign ______ part in such dish
　　onest business deals.
　　A. than take B.  than to take  
　　C. rather than take  D. rather than to take
　　5.  No one would have time to read or listen to an account of everything ______ going on in the world.
　　A. it is B.  as is C.  there is D.  what is
　　6.  There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, _____ a sudden loud noise.
　　A. being there  B.  should there be  
　　C.  there was D. there have been
　　7.  Bit by bit , a child makes the necessary changes to make his language ______.
　　A. as other people  B.  as other people’s  
　　C.  like other people D.  like other people’s
　　8.  Clothing made of plastic fibres has certain advantages over ______
　　made of natural fibres like cotton, wool, or silk.
　　A. one B.  the one C.  that D.  what
　　9.  The treasury issued an order stating that ______ lan
　　d purchased from the government had to be paid for in gold and silver.
　　A. henceforth  B.  moreover  C. whereby  D.  however
　　10.  The students expected there ______ more reviewing classes before the final exams.
　　A. is B.  being  C. have been D.  to be
　　11.  It was during summer breaks that we first taste the satisfaction work that ______ into hard currency.
　　A. translates B. transfers  
　　C. transplants  D. transmits
　　12.  In some cases, your instructor may tell you the topics ______
　　or may give you a choice of topics to write about.
　　A. in advance B. ahead of C. above all D. right away
　　
　　13.  It was the driver’s ______ that caused him to step
　　on the gas instead of the brake after his car went over the curb.
　　A. fraud B. alarm  C. terror  D. panic
　　14.  Danny left this ______ message on my answering machine:
　　“I must see you. Meet me at twelve o’clock.” Did he mean noon or midnight?
　　A. ambiguous  B.  responsible
　　C. implicit  D. thoughtful
　　15.  We looked for a table to sit down, but they were all ______.
　　A.  reserved for B. engaged in  
　　C. used up  D. taken up
　　16. She will have to find somewhere else to work, for she can’t ______ this loud noise any longer.
　　A. come up with B. catch up with  
　　C. keep up with  D. put up with
　　17.  Tom ______ his new job with confidence.
　　A. set out B. set off  C. set up D. set about
　　18.  The truck driver was fined for exceeding the speed ______.
　　A. range  B. limit  C. rule  D. regulation
　　19.  The crippled Jack proudly walked with a ______ to the platform to join the children.
　　A. jump B. limp C. hop  D. jog

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-14 11:20:52

　　20.  He cannot ______ a car, for he does not earn much money.
　　A. obtain B. afford  C. donate D. consume
　　21.  The message is clear: Just as tea and banana cant’t go together, _________ should the son of a lowclass family expect to marry the daughter of a nobleman.
　　A. either B.  not  C. neither  D. nor
　　22.  Though ______ rich, she was better off than at any
　　other period in her life.
　　A. by means of B. within her means  
　　C. by all means  D. by no means
　　23.  It is a(n) ______ attitude to take towards life.
　　A. absurd B. silly  C. stupid D. authentic
　　24.  Every year, one student in our high school wins a scholarship that ______ one year of college.
　　A. improves B. subsidizes  C. obliges  D. inflicts
　　25.  He wrote the book in ______ with his wife.
　　A. proportion B. installment  
　　C. correspondence D. collaboration
　　您的得分率为：  / 25
　　试题答案与解析
　　1. C) 【句意】据当地报纸报道，那家银行昨天在光天化日下遭到抢劫。
　　【难点】动词不定式的完成式做主语的补足语，说明不定式的行为发生在谓语动作之前。
　　2. D) 【句意】虽然他以前从未表演过，但他
　　为业余剧团做的首次表演还是很成功。
　　【难点】in spite of意为“尽管，虽然”，后接名词或名词性短语，引导出来状语。选项A
　　)没有主语或逻辑主语，选项B)是原因状语从句，选项C)的despite不能引导状语从句，因为
　　它是介词。
　　3. B) 【句意】到二十一世纪中叶，世界上大
　　多数人口将生活在城市而不是农村。
　　【难点】因为时间状语by the middle of the 21st century指的是将来
　　，所以选将来进行时。
　　4. C) 【句意】米尔先生宁愿辞职也不参加这
　　种不诚实的商业交易。
　　【难点】prefer意为“宁愿”，其后接名词或动词不定式；prefer to do
　　sth. r
　　ather than do sth.意为“宁愿…而不愿…”，rather than后接不带to的不定式。
　　5. C) 【句意】大家都没有时间去读或去听有
　　关世界上正在发生的一切事件的描述。
　　【难点】在以there be为谓语动词的定语从句中，如关系代词作主语，则
　　关系代词便可省略。
　　6. B) 【句意】如果突然出现巨大的噪音，这
　　些动物真的有可能受到惊吓。
　　【难点】该句是一个省略if的倒装的虚拟条件句，可还原为“if there should be...”。
　　7. D) 【句意】一点一点地，儿童就会将自己
　　的语言作些必要的修改，而使之与他人的语言相像。
　　【难点】as和like都可以表示“像…一样”，但as是连词，后跟从句，like是介词，后跟名词或名词性短语。
　　8. C) 【句意】用塑料纤维制成的衣服比用棉
　　花、羊毛或丝绸等天然纤维制成的衣服有些优势。
　　【难点】clothing是衣服、被褥的总称，不能用one或the one来指代。wh
　　at相当于“先行词+that”，后边要接从句。所以只能用that指代clothing。
　　9. A) 【句意】财政部发布命令，从即日起，
　　向政府购买土地须以金、银支付。
　　【难点】henceforth意为“从今以后”，符合题意要求。
　　
　　10. D) 【句意】学生们期望期末考试前能有更
　　多的复习课。
　　【难点】动词expect后必须接动词不定式作其宾语，因此，只有D)为正确。
　　11. A) 【句意】暑假期间，我们第一次尝到了
　　把劳动变成货币的滋味。
　　【难点】translate意为“变换，把…转化成”；transfer意为“移交，
　　迁移”；transplant意为“移植(器官)”；transmit意为“传染(疾病)，传达(知识)”。
　　12. A) 【句意】在有些情况下，你的导师会事
　　先告诉你题目或把题目给你由你选写。
　　【难点】in advance意为“事先，预先”；ahead of意为“在…之前
　　”；above all意为“尤其，最重要的是”；right away意为“立刻；马上”。
　　13. D) 【句意】车上了马路边后，司机由于惊
　　慌，没踩刹车，却踩了油门。
　　【难点】panic意为“惊慌，慌乱”；fraud意为“欺骗，骗局”；alarm
　　意为“警报”；terror意为“恐怖”。
　　14. A) 【句意】丹尼在我们回答机上留下一条
　　模棱两可的信息：“我必须见你。12点来接我。”他是说中午还是半夜?
　　【难点】ambiguous意为“模棱两可的；含糊的”；responsible意为“负
　　责的”；implicit意为“暗含的”；thoughtful意为“沉思的，思考的”。
　　15. D) 【句意】我们要找个桌子坐下，可是所
　　有餐桌都已有人。

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-14 11:20:53

　　【难点】take up意为“占去(时间、地方、注意力等)”；reserve for意
　　为“为…留
　　出，保留”；engage in意为“从事；参加”；use up意为“用完，用光；耗尽”。
　　16. D) 【句意】她将不得不去别处找工作，因
　　为她再也不能忍受这么大的噪音。
　　【难点】put up with意为“忍受，容忍”；come up with意为“(针对问
　　题、挑战)提出，想
　　出”；catch up with意为“赶上”；keep up with意为“跟上(人、潮流、形势等)”。
　　17. D) 【句意】汤姆满怀信心地投入新的工作。
　　【难点】set about意为“开始；着手”；set out意为“开始”，常与as
　　, in, on连用；set off意为“(使)做某事”；set up意为“开业，开始经商”。
　　18. B) 【句意】卡车司机因超速而被罚款。
　　【难点】limit意为“限制；界限”；range意为“(知识、知觉、听觉等
　　的)范围
　　”；regulation意为“规定，规则”；rule和regulation是近义词，意为“规定，规章”。
　　
　　19. B) 【句意】跛脚的杰克充满自豪，一颠一
　　跛地走上台，加入孩子们的行列。
　　【难点】limp意为“跛行”；jump意为“跳，跃”；hop意为“(人们)单
　　足跳”；jog意为“慢跑；缓行”。
　　20. B) 【句意】他买不起小汽车，因为他挣钱
　　不多。
　　【难点】afford意为“买得起”；obtain意为“得到，获得”；donate意
　　为“捐，赠”；consume意为“消耗，耗尽”。
　　21. C) 【句意】这是明摆着的事：就像茶叶和
　　香蕉不相搭配一样，下层阶级家庭的儿子也不可能指望娶一个贵族的女儿。
　　【难点】neither用于否定句之后，意为“…亦不…”；either用于否定
　　句，意为“(二者之
　　中的)任何一方都(不)…”；nor意为“…也不…(置于否定句之后)”；not在本句中说
　　不通。
　　22. D) 【句意】虽谈不上有钱，但她目前的境
　　况比以往任何时候都要好。
　　【难点】by no means意为“一点也不…”；by means of意为“用，依靠
　　”；within one’s means不是固定短语；by all means意为“无论如何，务必”。
　　23. A) 【句意】这是一种荒唐的生活态度。
　　【难点】absurd意为“荒唐的；滑稽可笑的”；silly意为“
　　傻的；愚蠢的”；stupid意为“笨的，麻木的”；authentic意为“可靠的；真诚的；真的”
　　24. B) 【句意】每年，我们学校会有一名同学
　　获得一笔奖学金作为一年的大学生活补贴。
　　【难点】subsidize意为“给…津贴；资助”；improve意为“改进，改善
　　”；oblige意为“施恩惠于，帮…忙”；inflict意为“予以(打击)；使遭受(损伤，苦痛等)”。
　　25. D) 【句意】他和妻子合作写了一本书。
　　【难点】collaboration意为“合作；协作”，in collaboration with为
　　固定搭配；proportion意为“比例”；installment意为“分期付款”；correspondence意为“符合；一致”。
　　定语从句中关系代词that的用法
　　1)在既指人又指事物的两个或两个以上的先行词后面。例如：
　　They are talking about the people and countries that they had visited.
　　2)在限制性定语从句中有形容词最高级的先行词后面。例如：
　　He is the best student that I have ever met.
　　3)在以“It is...”,“It was...”等开头的强调句中，和相应的疑问句中。如：
　　What is it that he wants?
　　4)在only, all, little的后面
　　This is all that I know.
　　5)在no, every, some和any等词后面，也包括在它们的复合词在内。如：
　　There is no person that is always in the right.
　　Is there anything that I can do for you?
　　
　　近义词辨析
　　beautiful, goodlooking, handsome, lovely, pretty
　　这组词均含有“美丽”、“漂亮”、“可爱”的意思。
　　Beautiful指能不仅给人带来感官上的快乐，而且通过感官产生思想和灵魂的愉悦，在同类词中层次最高。
　　She was even more beautiful than I had remembered.她比我记忆中的她更漂亮了。
　　goodlooking 不如handsome, pretty意思强烈，指一般的“好看”或“悦目”。
　　That goodlooking young man visited the house once or twice a week.那个长相不错的年轻人一星期光顾一两次。
　　handsome 通常是一种客观的不带感情色彩的评价。一个人如被形容为handsome,是指此人外貌符合观察者的要求，但不激发更深层的感受。
　　He looked very handsome in his dark suit.他穿深色西装显得非常英俊。
　　lovely比感官的快乐更进一步，是强调纯粹情感上的愉悦，指觉得某人或某物“可爱”。
　　Mary has two lovely daughters.玛丽有两个可爱的女儿。
　　pretty也是“漂亮、可爱”的意思。很少形容大而有影响力的事物，多形容事物不以其优秀、完美而以小巧、优雅、精致见长，使人容易接受并喜爱。
　　Her boyfriend believes that she is the prettiest girl in the town.她男朋友觉得她是镇上最漂亮的女孩。

会计考友 · 发表于 2012-8-14 11:20:54

　　
　　全真模拟试题
　　1. Evidence came up ______ specific sounds are recognized by babies as young as six months old.
　　A. what B. that C. which D. whose
　　2. I understand ______ preparation that staff must put in under pressure to meet the deadline.
　　A. more than the enormous amount of
　　B. better than most the enormous number of
　　C. better than most the enormous amount of  
　　D. fewer than the number of
　　3. I’m sure your suggestion will ______ the problem.
　　A. contribute to solving  
　　B. be contributed to solve  
　　C. contribute to solve  
　　D. be contributed to solving
　　4. In 1840, both Lucretian Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton resented ______ proper seating at the World’s Antislavery convention in London because of their sex.
　　A. refusing B. to be refused  
　　C. being refused  D. having refused
　　5. America will never again have as a nation the spirit of adventure as it
　　______ before the West was settled.
　　A. could B. did C.  would  D. was
　　6. You should have put the milk into the icebox, I expect it ______ undrinkable.
　　A. became B.  had become
　　C. has become  D. becomes
　　7. It’s no good ______ him. He is always indifferent towards others’ matters.
　　A. to turn to  B. turning to  C. turn to  D. turned to
　　8. Some companies have introduced flexible working time with less emphasis
　　on pressure ______.
　　A. than more on efficiency  
　　B. and more on efficiency  
　　C. and more efficiency  
　　D. than efficiency
　　9. She always put her medication on the top of the shelf lest the children
　　______ it by mistake.
　　A. took B. should take  C. had taken  D. would take
　　10. The earnings of women are well below that of men ______
　　educational differences that are diminishing between the two sexes.
　　A. although B.  though C. despite of  D. in spite of
　　11. Many automobile accidents were ______ careless driving.
　　A. attributed to B. resulted in  
　　C. contributed to  D. raised from
　　12. The actress wanted a hat to ______ her dress.
　　A. go by B. go through  C. go out  D. go with
　　13. It takes a lot of______ to put on a school play such
　　as King Lear.
　　A. organization B. arrangement 
　　C. management D. preparation
　　14. The police carried out a(n)______ search for the mising boy.
　　A. complete B. entire  C. thorough D. whole
　　15. The ______ crown jewels are kept in the Tower of London.
　　A. valued  B. valueless C. invaluable D. usable
　　16. Tom has been a vegetarian ______ principle for years.
　　A. in B.  on  C. for D. by
　　17. When I got out of the car and walked about among them, ______
　　one old man who shook his head disapprovingly, they all began to cheer.
　　A. see that B. except that  
　　C.  provided that  D. except for
　　18. ______ the water left in the kettle, the doctor put
　　several things he unwrapped from a handkerchief.
　　A. At B.  To C. Within D. Into
　　19. I am ______ grateful for the many kindnesses you have shown my son.
　　A. excessively B. much C. certainly D. exceedingly
　　20. The ______ of AIDS has led to an expansion in resear
　　ch seeking a cure.
　　A. innovation B. selection C. proliferation D. conviction
　　21. I am sorry I have no time at present to ______ more
　　detail or give you an account of other cities of interest.

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